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The characteristic equation of a third-order constant coefficients or Cauchy–Euler (equidimensional variable coefficients) linear differential equation or difference equation is a cubic equation. Intersection points of cubic Bézier curve and straight line can be computed using direct cubic equation representing Bézier curve.
Casus irreducibilis (from Latin 'the irreducible case') is the name given by mathematicians of the 16th century to cubic equations that cannot be solved in terms of real radicals, that is to those equations such that the computation of the solutions cannot be reduced to the computation of square and cube roots.
A bivariate equation of degree n has 1 + n(n + 3) / 2 coefficients, but the set of points described by the equation is preserved if the equation is divided through by one of the non-zero coefficients, leaving one coefficient equal to 1 and only n(n + 3) / 2 coefficients to characterize the curve.
Illustrations in Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns Jia Xian triangle. Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns, [1] Siyuan yujian (simplified Chinese: 四元玉鉴; traditional Chinese: 四元玉鑒), also referred to as Jade Mirror of the Four Origins, [2] is a 1303 mathematical monograph by Yuan dynasty mathematician Zhu Shijie. [3]
The derivative of a cubic function is a quadratic function. A cubic function with real coefficients has either one or three real roots (which may not be distinct); [1] all odd-degree polynomials with real coefficients have at least one real root. The graph of a cubic function always has a single inflection point.
The singular points of an irreducible plane cubic curve are quite limited: one double point, or one cusp. A reducible plane cubic curve is either a conic and a line or three lines, and accordingly have two double points or a tacnode (if a conic and a line), or up to three double points or a single triple point (concurrent lines) if three lines.
The final equation and one of its solutions is given for each of the 288 problems. Zhu also found square and cube roots by solving quadratic and cubic equations, and added to the understanding of series and progressions, classifying them according to the coefficients of the Pascal triangle.
For example, finding a substitution = + + for a cubic equation of degree =, = + + + such that substituting = yields a new equation ′ = + ′ + ′ + ′ such that ′ =, ′ =, or both. More generally, it may be defined conveniently by means of field theory , as the transformation on minimal polynomials implied by a different choice of ...