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Karst (/ k ɑːr s t /) is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble carbonate rocks such as limestone and dolomite. It is characterized by features like poljes above and drainage systems with sinkholes and caves underground.
Karst topography is a geological formation shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite, but also in gypsum. [1] It has also been documented for weathering -resistant rocks, such as quartzite , given the right conditions. [ 2 ]
A polje, also called karst polje or karst field, [1] [2] [3] is a large flat plain found in karstic geological regions of the world, with areas usually in the range of 5–400 km 2 (2–154 sq mi). The name derives from the Slavic languages , [ 4 ] [ 5 ] where polje literally means 'field', whereas in English polje specifically refers to a ...
Karstosphere (karst and Ancient Greek: σφαῖρα "sphere") is a geosphere of the karst processes; part of the lithosphere. [1] This is distinctly developed on continental platforms. It represents the Earth's broken shell occupying 35% of its surface and embracing vast areas of continents , as well as a considerable part their underwater ...
The region is recognized as the world’s type area for karst landform development in the humid tropics and subtropics. The World Heritage Property of South China Karst is a serial property that includes seven karst clusters in four Provinces: Shilin Karst, Libo Karst, Wulong Karst, Guilin Karst, Shibing Karst, Jinfoshan Karst, and Huanjiang Karst.
Gypsum stalactites in a cave formed via sulfuric acid dissolution (Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico) A solutional cave, solution cave, or karst cave is a cave usually formed in a soluble rock like limestone (Calcium carbonate CaCO 3). It is the most frequently occurring type of cave.
The formation and development of caves is known as speleogenesis; it can occur over the course of millions of years. [4] Caves can range widely in size, and are formed by various geological processes. These may involve a combination of chemical processes, erosion by water, tectonic forces, microorganisms, pressure, and atmospheric influences.
Speleogenesis is the origin and development of caves, the primary process that determines essential features of the hydrogeology of karst and guides its evolution. It often deals with the development of caves through limestone, caused by the presence of water with carbon dioxide dissolved within it, producing carbonic acid which permits the dissociation of the calcium carbonate in the limestone.