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The Serbian–Ottoman Wars (Serbian: Српско-османски ратови, romanized: Srpsko-osmanski ratovi), also known as the Serbian–Turkish Wars or Serbian Wars for Independence (Српски ратови за независност, Srpski ratovi za nezavisnost), were two consequent wars (1876–1877 and 1877–1878), fought between the Principality of Serbia and the Ottoman Empire.
On 30 June 1876, Serbia, followed by Montenegro, declared war on the Ottoman Empire. In July and August, the ill-prepared and poorly equipped Serbian army helped by Russian volunteers failed to achieve offensive objectives but did manage to repulse the Ottoman offensive into Serbia.
The Montenegrin–Ottoman War (Serbian Cyrillic: Црногорско-турски рат, romanized: Crnogorsko-turski rat, "Montenegrin-Turkish War"), also known in Montenegro as the Great War (Вељи рат, Velji rat), was fought between the Principality of Montenegro and the Ottoman Empire between 1876 and 1878.
The First Serbian–Ottoman War (Serbian: Први српско-турски рат, romanized: Prvi srpsko-turski rat), was a military conflict fought by the Principality of Serbia and the Principality of Montenegro against the Ottoman Empire. Serbia declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 30 June 1876. A Serbian offensive to the South and the ...
Midhat Pasha, one of the leaders of the 30 May 1876 coup. One day before the coup, on May 29, 1876, the head of the Young Ottoman secret society, Midhat Pasha, serasker Hüseyin Avni Pasha, War School Minister Süleyman Pasha, Council of Military Chief Ahmed Pasha received a fatwa from the new sheikh al-Islam Hayrullah for the removal of the Sultan.
Most of the Balkans came under Ottoman control by the 16th century and were governed as part of Rumelia, corresponding to most of the modern Balkan region. During the Serbian–Ottoman War of 1876–78, between 49,000 and 130,000 Albanian civilians were violently expelled by the Serb army from the Sanjak of Niš and fled to the Kosovo Vilayet.
The empire in 1875 right before the crisis The Batak massacre carried out by Ottoman irregular troops in Bulgaria in 1876 The Avenger: An Allegorical War Map for 1877 by Fred. W. Rose, 1872: This map reflects the "Great Eastern Crisis" and the subsequent Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. The state of Ottoman administration in the Balkans ...
The war ended unfavorably for the Russians, with the Paris peace of 1856. [32] The wars declined Ottoman morale and turned it helpless, illustrating that modern technology and superior weaponry were the most important part of a modern army, and a part that the Ottoman Empire was sorely lacking.