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The etymology of the Old Norse name Fornjótr remains unclear. [5] [2] It is often interpreted as forn-jótr ('ancient or primordial jötunn'), or as for-njótr ('original owner', or 'destroyer'). [5] [1] Alternative meanings such as Forn-njótr ('one-who-enjoys-sacrifices') or Forn-þjótr ('ancient screamer') have also been proposed. [5] [2]
Many historians assume the terms beorm and bjarm to derive from the Uralic word perm, which refers to "travelling merchants" and represents the Old Permic culture. [4] Bjarneyjar "Bear islands". Possibly Disko Island off Greenland. [5] blakumen or blökumenn Romanians or Cumans. Blokumannaland may be the lands south of the Lower Danube. Bót
The Old Norse word draugr (initially draugʀ, see ʀ), in the sense of the undead creature, is hypothetically traced to a unrecorded Proto-Germanic: *draugaz, meaning "delusion, illusion, mirage" etc, from a *dreuganą ("to mislead, deceive"), ultimately from a Proto-Indo European stem *dʰrowgʰos ("phantom"), from *dʰréwgʰ-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és ("deceive"). [4]
Sökkmímir or Søkkmímir was a jötunn who appears in two sources from Norse mythology, suggesting that he was once a well-known jötunn in Scandinavia. In Grímnismál, stanza 50, it appears that Odin killed the jötunn:
Hrungnir (Old Norse: [ˈhruŋɡnez̠], 'brawler') is a jötunn in Norse mythology. He is described as made of stone and is ultimately killed in a duel with the thunder god Thor. Prior to his demise, Hrungnir engaged in a wager with Odin in which Odin stakes his head on his horse, Sleipnir, being faster than Hrungnir's steed Gullfaxi.
For English, a modern English cognate is given when it exists, along with the corresponding Old English form; otherwise, only an Old English form is given. For Gothic, a form in another Germanic language (Old Norse; Old High German; or Middle High German) is sometimes given in its place or in addition, when it reveals important features.
The Giant with the Flaming Sword (1909) by John Charles Dollman. In Norse mythology, Surtr (Old Norse "black" [1] or more narrowly "swart", [2] Surtur in modern Icelandic), also sometimes written Surt in English, [3] is a jötunn; he is the greatest of the fire giants and further serves as the guardian of Muspelheim, which is one of the only two realms to exist before the beginning of time ...
The Old Norse name Hræsvelgr has been translated as 'corpse-swallower', [2] [3] or as 'shipwreck-current'. [3] Hræsvelgr's name is sometimes anglicised as Hraesvelgr, Hresvelgr, Hraesveglur, or Hraesvelg. The common Danish form is Hræsvælg and the common Swedish form is Räsvelg. [citation needed]