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In electrical engineering, a function generator is usually a piece of electronic test equipment or software used to generate different types of electrical waveforms over a wide range of frequencies. Some of the most common waveforms produced by the function generator are the sine wave , square wave , triangular wave and sawtooth shapes .
The output beams in optical parametric generation are usually relatively weak and have relatively spread-out direction and frequency. This problem is solved by using optical parametric amplification (OPA), also called difference frequency generation, as a second stage after the OPG. In an OPA, the input is two light beams, of frequency ω p and ...
where Z dif is the op-amp's input impedance to differential signals, and A OL is the open-loop voltage gain of the op-amp (which varies with frequency), and B is the feedback factor (the fraction of the output signal that returns to the input). [3] [4] In the case of the ideal op-amp, with A OL infinite and Z dif infinite, the input impedance ...
A DDS function generator. Direct digital synthesis ( DDS ) is a method employed by frequency synthesizers used for creating arbitrary waveforms from a single, fixed-frequency reference clock. DDS is used in applications such as signal generation , local oscillators in communication systems, function generators , mixers, modulators , [ 1 ] sound ...
An op amp without negative feedback (a comparator) The amplifier's differential inputs consist of a non-inverting input (+) with voltage V + and an inverting input (−) with voltage V −; ideally the op amp amplifies only the difference in voltage between the two, which is called the differential input voltage.
The Colpitts circuit, like other LC oscillators, consists of a gain device (such as a bipolar junction transistor, field-effect transistor, operational amplifier, or vacuum tube) with its output connected to its input in a feedback loop containing a parallel LC circuit (tuned circuit), which functions as a bandpass filter to set the frequency of oscillation.
For low-frequency VCOs, other methods of varying the frequency (such as altering the charging rate of a capacitor by means of a voltage-controlled current source) are used (see function generator). The frequency of a ring oscillator is controlled by varying either the supply voltage, the current available to each inverter stage, or the ...
The slew rate can be measured using a function generator (usually square wave) and an oscilloscope (CRO). The slew rate is the same, regardless of whether feedback is considered. Slew rate limiting in amplifiers