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Therapists outline the four different attachment styles—secure, anxious, avoidant, and fearful-avoidant—plus how to identify yours, cope, and change it.
Another issue is the role of inherited genetic factors in shaping attachments: for example one type of polymorphism of the gene coding for the D 2 dopamine receptor has been linked to anxious attachment and another in the gene for the 5-HT 2A serotonin receptor with avoidant attachment. [210]
Adults with the anxious–preoccupied attachment style often find themselves in long-lasting, but unhappy, relationships. [70] [71] Anxious–preoccupied attachment styles often involve anxiety about being abandoned and doubts about one's worth in a relationship. These kinds of feelings and thoughts may lead people to stay in unhappy relationships.
The anxious-preoccupied attachment style has been associated with a heightened vigilance towards emotionally significant social cues, as evidenced by increased activation in the amygdala during social appraisal tasks. [9] This may contribute to the tendency to be overly concerned about the availability and responsiveness of attachment figures.
A therapist explains the four attachment styles of attachment theory—secure, ambivalent, avoidant, and disorganized—and how they affect adult relationships.
While therapists caution this is not a mental health condition based in science, "it seems to describe what happens when someone with an avoidant attachment style pulls away," explains Luis ...
A child with the anxious-avoidant insecure attachment pattern will avoid or ignore the caregiver, showing little emotion when the caregiver departs or returns. The child will not explore very much regardless of who is there. Infants classified as anxious-avoidant (A) represented a puzzle in the early 1980s.
A child with the anxious-avoidant insecure attachment style will avoid or ignore the caregiver – showing little emotion when the caregiver departs or returns. The child will not explore very much regardless of who is there. Infants classified as anxious-avoidant (A) represented a puzzle in the early 1970s.