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Calcium hydroxide is modestly soluble in water, as seen for many dihydroxides. Its solubility increases from 0.66 g/L at 100 °C to 1.89 g/L at 0 °C. [8] Its solubility product K sp of 5.02 × 10 −6 at 25 °C, [1] its dissociation in water is large enough that its solutions are basic according to the following dissolution reaction:
Other calcium aluminium silicate hydrate, (C-A-S-H) minerals: Hydrogarnet – Calcium aluminium garnet; Hydrotalcite – Hydrated Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) containing carbonate anions; Tacharanite – Calcium aluminium silicate hydrate mineral (Ca 12 Al 2 Si 18 O 33 (OH) 36, and also Ca 12 Al 2 Si 18 O 51 (OH) 2 · 18 H 2 O)
Chlorides, particularly calcium chloride, have been used to shorten the setting time of concrete. [5] However, calcium chloride and (to a lesser extent) sodium chloride have been shown to leach calcium hydroxide and cause chemical changes in Portland cement, leading to loss of strength, [6] as well as attacking the steel reinforcement present ...
To attempt to simplify and to stylize a very complex set of various reactions, the whole ASR reaction, after its complete evolution (ageing process) in the presence of sufficient Ca 2+ cations available in solution, could be compared to the pozzolanic reaction which would be catalysed by the undesirable presence of excessive concentrations of alkali hydroxides (NaOH and KOH) in the concrete.
Alteration of hardened cement paste composition, with monosulfate aluminates phase converting to ettringite and, in later stages, gypsum formation. The necessary additional calcium is provided by the calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrate in the cement paste; The effect of these changes is an overall loss of concrete strength.
Both reactions share in common the continuous regeneration of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) after the reaction of soluble sodium carbonate or sodium silicate with calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH) 2. However, impure dolomitic aggregates also often contain clay impurities, and small amounts of pyrite (FeS 2) and organic matter. The alkali-carbonate ...