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The earliest and most direct observational evidence of the validity of the theory are the expansion of the universe according to Hubble's law (as indicated by the redshifts of galaxies), discovery and measurement of the cosmic microwave background and the relative abundances of light elements produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN).
Gamma-ray bursts are thought to be highly focused explosions, with most of the explosion energy collimated into a narrow jet. [ 94 ] [ 95 ] The jets of gamma-ray bursts are ultrarelativistic , and are the most relativistic jets in the universe.
The theory explains that the universe will expand until all matter decays and ultimately turns to light. Since nothing in the universe would have any time or distance scale associated with it, the universe becomes identical with the Big Bang, resulting in a type of Big Crunch that becomes the next Big Bang, thus perpetuating the next cycle. [21]
The theory he devised to explain what he found is called the Big Bang theory. [citation needed] In 1931, Lemaître proposed in his "hypothèse de l'atome primitif" (hypothesis of the primeval atom) that the universe began with the "explosion" of the "primeval atom" – what was later called the Big Bang.
Without major changes to the Big Bang theory itself, BBN will result in mass abundances of about 75% of hydrogen-1, about 25% helium-4, about 0.01% of deuterium and helium-3, trace amounts (on the order of 10 −10) of lithium, and negligible heavier elements. That the observed abundances in the universe are generally consistent with these ...
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The most accurate observations which are sensitive to the component densities are consequences of statistical inhomogeneity called "perturbations" in the early universe. Since the Friedmann equations assume homogeneity, additional theory must be added before comparison to experiments.
The solar system might have been hit by the brightest explosion ever seen, scientists have said. The pulse of intense radiation began its life in a cosmic explosion two billion light years away ...