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The globus pallidus is a structure in the brain involved in the regulation of voluntary movement. [8] It is part of the basal ganglia, which, among many other functions, regulate movements that occur on the subconscious level. The globus pallidus has a predominantly inhibitory effect on movement regulation, balancing cerebellar excitation.
Dysfunction of the internal globus pallidus has been correlated to Parkinson's disease, [6] Tourette syndrome, [7] and tardive dyskinesia. [8] The internal globus pallidus is the target of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for these diseases. Deep brain stimulation sends regulated electrical pulses to the target.
The names given to the various nuclei of the basal ganglia are different in different species. In cats and rodents the internal globus pallidus is known as the entopeduncular nucleus. [63] In birds the striatum is called the paleostriatum augmentatum and the external globus pallidus is called the paleostriatum primitivum.
The external globus pallidus is the segment of the globus pallidus that is relatively further (lateral) from the midline of the brain. The GPe is predominantly composed of inhibitory GABAergic neurons that project axons to the subthalamic nucleus (in the diencephalon), the striatum, internal globus pallidus (GPi) and substantia nigra pars ...
Through various pathways, the putamen is connected to the substantia nigra, the globus pallidus, the claustrum, and the thalamus, in addition to many regions of the cerebral cortex. A primary function of the putamen is to regulate movements at various stages such as in preparation and execution; and to influence various types of learning.
The basal ganglia is a collective group of structures in the brain. These include the striatum, (composed of the putamen and caudate nucleus), globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and the subthalamic nucleus. Along with other structures, the basal ganglia are part of a neural circuit that is integral to voluntary motor function. [1]
The internal globus pallidus (GPi) or medial globus pallidus is only found in the primate brain and so is a younger portion of the globus pallidus. Like the GPe and the substantia nigra the GPi is a fast-spiking pacemaker but its activity does not show the long intervals of silence seen in the others.
The direct pathway passes through the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus, which are parts of the basal ganglia. It also involves another basal ganglia component the substantia nigra, a part of the midbrain. [2]