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ἀπάθεια: serenity, peace of mind, such as that achieved by the Stoic sage. aphormê ἀφορμή: aversion, impulse not to act (as a result of ekklisis). Opposite of hormê. apoproêgmena ἀποπροηγμένα: dispreferred things. Morally indifferent but naturally undesirable things, such as illness. Opposite of proêgmena. aretê
The Paradoxa Stoicorum (English: Stoic Paradoxes) is a work by the academic skeptic philosopher Cicero in which he attempts to explain six famous Stoic sayings that appear to go against common understanding: (1) virtue is the sole good; (2) virtue is the sole requisite for happiness; (3) all good deeds are equally virtuous and all bad deeds equally vicious; (4) all fools are mad; (5) only the ...
The ideal Stoic would instead measure things at their real value, [39] and see that the passions are not natural. [40] To be free of the passions is to have a happiness which is self-contained. [40] There would be nothing to fear—for unreason is the only evil; no cause for anger—for others cannot harm you. [40]
Founded by the philosopher Zeno of Citium, the Stoic philosophy was founded around 300 BC in Athens, Greece. The four tenets of this philosophy are wisdom, courage, temperance and justice.
Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium (Latin for "Moral Letters to Lucilius"), also known as the Moral Epistles and Letters from a Stoic, is a letter collection of 124 letters that Seneca the Younger wrote at the end of his life, during his retirement, after he had worked for the Emperor Nero for more than ten years.
Katalepsis (Greek: κατάληψις, "grasping") is a term in Stoic philosophy for a concept roughly equivalent to modern comprehension. [1] To the Stoic philosophers, katalepsis was an important premise regarding one's state of mind as it relates to grasping fundamental philosophical concepts, which was followed by the assent, or adherence to the truth thus understood.
Aristo, son of Miltiades, was born on the island of Chios sometime around 300 BC. [2] He came to Athens where he attended the lectures of Zeno of Citium, and also, for a time, the lectures of Polemo, [3] (the head of the Academy from 314 to 269).
Epictetus (/ ˌ ɛ p ɪ k ˈ t iː t ə s /, EH-pick-TEE-təss; [3] Ancient Greek: Ἐπίκτητος, Epíktētos; c. 50 – c. 135 AD) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. [4] [5] He was born into slavery at Hierapolis, Phrygia (present-day Pamukkale, in western Turkey) and lived in Rome until his banishment, when he went to Nicopolis in northwestern Greece, where he spent the rest of his life.