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There are 112 genera of mosquitoes, containing approximately 3,500 species. [1] Human malaria is transmitted only by females of the genus Anopheles. Of the approximately 430 Anopheles species, while over 100 are known to be able to transmit malaria to humans, only 30–40 commonly do so in nature.
Mosquitoes, the Culicidae, are a family of small flies consisting of 3,600 species. The word mosquito (formed by mosca and diminutive-ito) [2] is Spanish and Portuguese for little fly. [3] Mosquitoes have a slender segmented body, one pair of wings, three pairs of long hair-like legs, and specialized, highly elongated, piercing-sucking mouthparts.
Culicinae mosquitoes are holometabolous, going through four distinct life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The duration of each stage is species-specific, but all Culicinae mosquitoes are multivoltine. The egg, larval, and pupal stages are aquatic. Adults leave the water by flight to find plants or vertebrates on which to feed.
Culex or typical mosquitoes are a genus of mosquitoes, several species of which serve as vectors of one or more important diseases of birds, humans, and other animals. The diseases they vector include arbovirus infections such as West Nile virus , Japanese encephalitis , or St. Louis encephalitis , but also filariasis and avian malaria .
The Nematocera (the name meaning "thread-horns") are a suborder of elongated flies with thin, segmented antennae and mostly aquatic larvae.This group is paraphyletic and contains all flies except for species from suborder Brachycera [4] (the name meaning "short-horns"), which includes more commonly known species such as the housefly or the common fruit fly.
Anopheles (/ ə ˈ n ɒ f ɪ l iː z /) is a genus of mosquito first described by the German entomologist J. W. Meigen in 1818, and are known as nail mosquitoes and marsh mosquitoes. [1] Many such mosquitoes are vectors of the parasite Plasmodium , a genus of protozoans that cause malaria in birds , reptiles , and mammals , including humans.
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Londoners sheltering from the Blitz in underground stations suffered from mosquito bites. This mosquito is found in underground systems around the world. Some authors proposed that it is a new species that evolved since the 19th century in adaptation to human-made underground systems, but it is more likely that it has been in existence for at least hundreds of years and colonized the warm ...