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In transportation engineering, traffic flow is the study of interactions between travellers (including pedestrians, cyclists, drivers, and their vehicles) and infrastructure (including highways, signage, and traffic control devices), with the aim of understanding and developing an optimal transport network with efficient movement of traffic and minimal traffic congestion problems.
In traffic engineering, saturation describes the maximum traffic flow which can be handled by a junction. The saturation flow is the rate at which a continuous flow of vehicles can pass through a constant green signal, typically expressed in vehicles per hour or PCUs per hour. [1]
The flow variable existing at two different speeds occurs when the speed is higher and the density is lower or when the speed is lower and the density is higher, which allows for the same flow rate. In the first speed-flow diagram, the free flow branch is a horizontal line, which shows that the roadway is at free flow speed until the optimum ...
Three-phase traffic theory is a theory of traffic flow developed by Boris Kerner between 1996 and 2002. [1] [2] [3] It focuses mainly on the explanation of the physics of traffic breakdown and resulting congested traffic on highways.
Fig. 4: Measured traffic data that illustrates the characteristic jam feature [J]: (a, b) Average speed denoted by v km/h (a) and flow rate denoted by q [vehicles/h] (b) in space and time. (c, d) Time-dependences of flow rate and speed within traffic congestion in (a, b) at two different road locations shown for each of the three road lanes.
vehicle-kilometre (vkm [1]) as a measure of traffic flow, determined by multiplying the number of vehicles on a given road or traffic network by the average length of their trips measured in kilometres. [2] vehicle-mile (vehicle miles traveled, or VMT [1]) same as before but measures the trip expressed in miles.
B: reasonably free flow. LOS A speeds are maintained, maneuverability within the traffic stream is slightly restricted. The lowest average vehicle spacing is about 330 ft(100 m) or 16 car lengths. Motorists still have a high level of physical and psychological comfort. C: stable flow, at or near free flow. The ability to maneuver through lanes ...
In transportation engineering, the K factor is defined as the proportion of annual average daily traffic occurring in an hour. [1] This factor is used for designing and analyzing the flow of traffic on highways. K factors must be calculated at a continuous count station, usually an "automatic traffic recorder", for a year before being determined.