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ʿAffān ibn Abī al-ʿĀṣ (Arabic: عفان بن أبي العاص) was a famous 6th-century Arab merchant, a contemporary of the young Muhammad (c. 570 –632) and the father of Uthman ibn Affan, the third Rashidun caliph (r. 644–656). His father was Abu al-As ibn Umayya. His nephew was Marwan ibn al-Hakam.
Ammar ibn Yasir, who had been affiliated with Ali, abandoned Uthman for the Egyptian opposition. Abdullah ibn Saad, the governor of Egypt, reported about the opposition's activities instead. He wanted to take action against Ali's foster son, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, Muhammad bin Abi Hudhaifa, Uthman's adopted son, and Ammar ibn Yasir. [59]
Among the Quraysh, the caliphate of Ali was soon challenged by Aisha, a widow of Muhammad, and two of his companions, namely, Talha and Zubayr. [8] Uthman's cousin Mu'awiya also denounced the accession of Ali when he was dismissed from his post as the governor of Syria. He now demanded retribution against Uthman's killers. [9]
As the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Ali ibn Abi Talib was likely the first male to profess Islam. [1] He significantly contributed to Muhammad's cause inside and outside the battlefield. [2] [3] After his death in 632 CE, Muhammad was succeeded by Abu Bakr (r. 632–634), Umar (r. 634–644), and Uthman (r.
The tenth named figure in the list was either Mu'awiya, or the prophet Muhammad, or Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah, an early convert who played an important role in the election of Abu Bakr as caliph, and who was considered by Umar as a possible successor: [24] Mu'awiya (c. 600–680) / Muhammad (c. 570–632) / Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah (c. 581–639)
[36] [37] The Twelver jurist Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei (d. 1992) and some others have similarly reinterpreted the traditions that may suggest the alteration of the Quran. [38] [3] For instance, a tradition ascribed to Ali suggests that a fourth of the Quran is about the House of Muhammad, or the Ahl al-Bayt, while another fourth is about their ...
In about 654, tension spilled into opposition, and some resentful elements under the leadership of Uthman's adopted son Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa and Abu Bakr's son Muhammad, who was the adopted son of Ali, refused to pray behind the governor (the custom was that the government representative would lead the prayers). In January 655, Ibn Sa'd ...
Umar nominated six men to this committee in most sources, [11] all from the Muhajirun (early Meccan converts). [4] The committee consisted of Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib, Muhammad's son-in-law Uthman ibn Affan, Uthman's brother-in-law and Umar's key advisor Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, Ibn Awf's cousin Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, Ali's cousin Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, and Talha ibn ...