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Flash-EEPROM in a Router – a true MTD. A Memory Technology Device (MTD) is a type of device file in Linux for interacting with flash memory. The MTD subsystem was created to provide an abstraction layer between the hardware-specific device drivers and higher-level applications. Although character and block device files already existed, their ...
The linux kernel implements multipath disk access via the software RAID stack known as the md (Multiple Devices) driver. The kernel portion of the md multipath driver only handles routing I/O requests to the proper device and handling failures on the active path.
Marks a path as failed when the path becomes faulty. Depending on the failback policy, it can reactivate the path. [5] Devmap-name: provides a meaningful device-name to udev for devmaps. [5] Kpartx: maps linear devmaps to device partitions to make multipath maps partitionable. [5] Multipath.conf: configuration file for the multipath daemon ...
udev (userspace /dev) is a device manager for the Linux kernel.As the successor of devfsd and hotplug, udev primarily manages device nodes in the /dev directory. At the same time, udev also handles all user space events raised when hardware devices are added into the system or removed from it, including firmware loading as required by certain devices.
UBIFS (UBI File System, more fully Unsorted Block Image File System) is a flash file system for unmanaged flash memory devices. [1] UBIFS works on top of an UBI (unsorted block image) layer, [2] which is itself on top of a memory technology device (MTD) layer. [3] The file system is developed by Nokia engineers with help of the University of ...
TAP, namely network TAP, simulates a link layer device and operates in layer 2 carrying Ethernet frames. TUN is used with routing. TAP can be used to create a user space network bridge. [2] Packets sent by an operating system via a TUN/TAP device are delivered to a user space program which attaches itself to the device. A user space program may ...
For a comparison, regular RAID 1 as provided by Linux software RAID, does not stripe reads, but can perform reads in parallel. [15] The md driver also supports an "offset" layout, in which each stripe is repeated o times and offset by f (far) devices. For example, o2 layouts on two-, three-, and four-drive arrays are laid out as: [12] [13]
Other Linux distributions (such as Fedora and Ubuntu) generate a more generic initrd image. These start only with the device name of the root file system (or its UUID) and must discover everything else at boot time. In this case, the software must perform a complex cascade of tasks to get the root file system mounted: