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"Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence" (sometimes shortened to ECREE), [1] also known as the Sagan standard, is an aphorism popularized by science communicator Carl Sagan. He used the phrase in his 1979 book Broca's Brain and the 1980 television program Cosmos .
In phenomenology, evidence is limited to intuitive knowledge, often associated with the controversial assumption that it provides indubitable access to truth. In the philosophy of science, evidence is material that confirms or disconfirms scientific hypotheses, acting as a neutral arbiter between
This branch of philosophy encompassed a wide range of fields, including disciplines like physics, chemistry, and biology. [8] An example of this usage is the 1687 book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica by Isaac Newton. This book referred to natural philosophy in its title, but it is today considered a book of physics. [9]
Evidentialism is a thesis in epistemology which states that one is justified to believe something if and only if that person has evidence which supports said belief. [1] Evidentialism is, therefore, a thesis about which beliefs are justified and which are not.
What is Philosophy? received a mixed review from Leon H. Brody in Library Journal. [5] The book was also reviewed by John Rajchman in Artforum, [6] Christopher Stanley in The Times Higher Education Supplement, [7] and the philosopher Paul R. Patton in The Times Literary Supplement, [8] and discussed by Adam Shatz in a review of a biography of the two men.
This is a list of important publications in philosophy, organized by field.The publications on this list are regarded as important because they have served or are serving as one or more of the following roles:
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In the book Quine presented his theory of indeterminacy of translation. In Two Dogmas' revisited , Hilary Putnam argues that Quine is attacking two different notions. Analytic truth defined as a true statement derivable from a tautology by putting synonyms for synonyms is near Kant's account of analytic truth as a truth whose negation is a ...