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Non-calcium-based phosphate binders, including lanthanum carbonate, form insoluble complexes with phosphates in food, thereby reducing the amount of phosphate in the body. [1] Sevelamer carbonate. Sevelamer is an insoluble polymeric amine, which is protonated once in the intestines and this allows it to bind dietary phosphate.
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body. [3] The average adult body contains in total approximately 1 kg, 99% in the skeleton in the form of calcium phosphate salts. [3] The extracellular fluid (ECF) contains approximately 22 mmol, of which about 9 mmol is in the plasma. [4]
ATP transfers a phosphate to the PMCA, which forms a phosphorylated intermediate. [3] Ca 2+ /calmodulin binds and further activates the PMCA, increasing the affinity of the protein's Ca 2+-binding site 20 to 30 times. [6] Calmodulin also increases the rate at which the pump extrudes Ca 2+ from the cell, possibly up to tenfold. [3]
Phosphates bind calcium and magnesium ions to prevent 'hard-water' type limescale deposits. They can cause ecological damage, so their use is starting to be phased out. Phosphate-free detergents are sold as eco-friendly detergents.
When calcium is added to or removed from the cytoplasm by transport across the cell membrane or sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium buffers minimise the effect on changes in cytoplasmic free calcium concentration by binding calcium to or releasing calcium from intracellular proteins. As a result, 99% of the calcium added to the cytosol of a ...
Calcium is used to make calcium carbonate (found in chalk) and calcium phosphate, two compounds that the body uses to make teeth and bones. This means that too much calcium within the cells can lead to hardening (calcification) of certain intracellular structures, including the mitochondria, [2] leading to cell death. Therefore, it is vital ...