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The soil response for each pile segment is modeled as viscoelastic-plastic. The method was first developed in the 1950s by E.A. Smith of the Raymond Pile Driving Company. Wave equation analysis of piles has seen many improvements since the 1950s such as including a thermodynamic diesel hammer model and residual stress. Commercial software ...
Pile weave is a form of textile created by weaving. This type of fabric is characterized by a pile —a looped or tufted surface that extends above the initial foundation, or 'ground' weave. The pile is formed by supplemental yarn running in the direction of the length of the fabric ( warp pile weave ) or the width of the fabric ( weft or ...
A crack growth equation is used for calculating the size of a fatigue crack growing from cyclic loads. The growth of a fatigue crack can result in catastrophic failure, particularly in the case of aircraft. When many growing fatigue cracks interact with one another it is known as widespread fatigue damage. A crack growth equation can be used to ...
In the manufacture of cloth, warp and weft are the two basic components in weaving to transform thread and yarn into textile fabrics. The vertical warp yarns are held stationary in tension on a loom (frame) while the horizontal weft (also called the woof) is drawn through (inserted over and under) the warp thread. [1]
Fastran was written in the 1980s by James C. Newman while at NASA and is an acronym derived from NASA FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS. [2] Crack closure was first observed by Wolf Elber as propping open a crack tip resulting in a reduction of the full stress intensity range or crack tip driving force. [3]
Ada K. Dietz (left) and Ruth E. Foster (right) weaving on Lou Tate Little Looms at the Little Loomhouse, Louisville, KY, circa late 1940s. Ada K. Dietz (October 7, 1888 – January 12, 1981) was an American weaver best known for her 1949 monograph Algebraic Expressions in Handwoven Textiles, which defines a novel method for generating weaving patterns based on algebraic patterns.
This simplification allows the number of cycles until failure of a component to be determined for each rainflow cycle using either Miner's rule to calculate the fatigue damage, or in a crack growth equation to calculate the crack increments. [2] Both methods give an estimate of the fatigue life of a component.
In particular "pile length" or "pile depth" refer to the length of the yarn strands (half-length of the loops). Pile length affects and is affected by knot density: "The greater the knot density, the thinner the weft and warp yarns and the more weakly are they twisted; the smaller the density, the coarser are the foundation yarns."