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The Fundamental Law of Education and the School Education Law, both enacted in 1947, laid the foundation for a new education system modelled after the American system, with six years of elementary, three years of lower secondary, three years of upper secondary, and four years of university education. Compulsory education was extended to nine ...
The law does not permit forced exile, and it is not used. [27] The law provides for the granting of refugee status or asylum to persons in accordance with the 1951 U.N. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol. In practice, the government provided protection against refoulement, the return of persons to a country where ...
The Fundamental Law of Education, as the name suggests, is a law concerning the foundation of Japanese education.Because it acts as the basis for the interpretation and application of various laws & ordinances regarding education, it is also known as "The Education Constitution" (教育憲法, kyōiku kenpō) [1] and "The Charter of Education" (教育憲章, kyōiku kenshō). [2]
According to Japanese law, the term "shonen" refers to "a person from the time they enter elementary school until the time they are 15 years of age", [2] and "Any person who has not reached the age of 15 years" (Juvenile Law (少年法, Shonen Hō), Article 2.1). In the realm of education and culture, this is the period of compulsory education.
"Information technology is increasingly being used to enhance education, and most schools have access to the Internet." [2] There is a system of educational television and radio, and almost all elementary schools use programs prepared by the School Education Division of Japan's ex Broadcasting Corporation (Nippon Hoso Kyokai—NHK).
Japan has criminalized online insults, making cyberbullying punishable by up to a year in prison, extending the statute of limitations and amplifying the fine, in the wake of a reality star's suicide.
This system was introduced to Japan after World War II to avoid the government having direct authority over the written contents. Japan's School Education Law (教育基本法) requires schools to use textbooks that are authorized by the Ministry of Education (MEXT). However, each local education board has the final authority to select which ...
Burakumin are physically indistinguishable from other Japanese but have historically been regarded as a socially distinct group. When identified, they are often subject to discrimination and prejudice. As of 2000, there were an estimated 3 million burakumin living in the country, mostly in western Japan. [citation needed]