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  2. Afforestation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afforestation

    Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no recent tree cover. [1] There are three types of afforestation: natural regeneration, agroforestry and tree plantations. [2] Afforestation has many benefits.

  3. Ecosystem engineer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_engineer

    There is controversy around the usage of the term "ecosystem engineer" to classify a species, as it can be perceived as a "buzzword" to the ecological science community. The use of the term "ecosystem engineering" might suggest that the species was intentionally and consciously modifying its environment. [ 11 ]

  4. Desert greening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_greening

    A satellite image of the Sahara, the world's largest hot desert and third largest desert after Antarctica and the Arctic. Desert greening is the process of afforestation or revegetation of deserts for ecological restoration (biodiversity), sustainable farming and forestry, but also for reclamation of natural water systems and other ecological systems that support life.

  5. Tree planting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_planting

    A eucalyptus plantation in final stages at Arimalam.. The type of tree planted may have great influence on the environmental outcomes. It is often much more profitable to outside interests to plant fast-growing species, such as eucalyptus, casuarina or pine (e.g., Pinus radiata or Pinus caribaea), even though the environmental and biodiversity benefits of such monoculture plantations are not ...

  6. Outline of forestry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_forestry

    Forest pathology – study of diseases of woody plants, and of the interactions between trees and pathogens, pests, and other stressors that affect their health and function. Silviculture – is the art and science of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health, and quality of forests to meet specific objectives

  7. Major soil deposits of India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_soil_deposits_of_India

    Red laterite soils in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala are more suitable for crops like cashew nut. The laterite soil develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. This is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain. The name "Laterite" is derived from the Latin word "later" which means a brick. Its red colour is due to ...

  8. Forest ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_ecology

    Forest ecology shares characteristics and methodological approaches with other areas of terrestrial plant ecology, however, the presence of trees makes forest ecosystems and their study unique in numerous ways due to the potential for a wide variety of forest structures created by the uniquely large size and height of trees compared with other ...

  9. Ecological restoration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_restoration

    The Society for Ecological Restoration defines restoration as "the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed." [1] Restoration ecology is the academic study of the science of restoration, whereas ecological restoration is the implementation by practitioners. [21]