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Theophany (Ancient Greek: θεοφάνεια, romanized: theopháneia, lit. 'appearance of a deity' [ 1 ] ) is an encounter with a deity that manifests in an observable and tangible form. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is often confused with other types of encounters with a deity, but these interactions are not considered theophanies unless the deity ...
Mount Sinai, showing the approach to Mount Sinai, 1839 painting by David Roberts, in The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia. The biblical account of the giving of the instructions and teachings of the Ten Commandments was given in the Book of Exodus, primarily between chapters 19 and 24, during which Sinai is mentioned by name twice, in Exodus 19:2; 24:16.
The theophany in Exodus begins "the third day" from their arrival at Sinai in chapter 19: Yahweh and the people meet at the mountain, God appears in the storm and converses with Moses, giving him the Ten Commandments while the people listen. Therefore, theophany is a public experience of divine law.
exodus 19 In the third month the Israelites arrive at Mount Sinai , and God announces, via Moses, that the Israelites are God's people , because he has liberated them by his omnipotence . The Israelites accept this call, and so, with thunder and lightning , clouds of smoke, and the noise of trumpets , God appears to them at the top of Mount Sinai.
Joshua passing the River Jordan with the Ark of the Covenant, 1800, by Benjamin West.. The pillar of fire (Hebrew: עמוד אש, romanized: ‘ammuḏ ’ēš) and pillar of cloud (Hebrew: עמוד ענן, romanized: ‘ammūḏ ‘ānān) are a dual theophany (manifestation of God) described in various places in the first five books of the Hebrew Bible.
The standard argument that this was in fact Christ is that he accepted Joshua's prostrate worship, whereas angels refuse such worship ; see Revelation 19:9–10. Additionally, he declared the ground to be holy; elsewhere in the Bible, only things or places set aside for God or claimed by him are called holy; see Exodus 3:5.
The Feast of the Baptism of the Lord, or Theophany, is the feast day commemorating the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan River by John the Baptist. Originally the baptism of Christ was celebrated on Epiphany, which commemorates the coming of the Magi, the baptism of Christ, and the wedding at Cana. Over time in the West, however, the celebration ...
This means that there is no longer any a priori reason to believe that Exodus 20:2–17 and Exodus 34:10–28 were composed during different stages of Israelite history. According to John Bright, there was an important distinction between the Decalogue and the "book of the covenant" (Exodus 21–23 and 34:10–24).