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The Eastern European Jewry also had a great deal of involvement in economic matters that Jews in Central and Western Europe did not deal with at all. Until the mid-17th century with the 1648 Cossack riots on Jewish population, eastern European Jews lived in a relatively comfortable environment that enabled them to thrive. The Jews, for the most ...
The Jewish population of Europe in 2010 was estimated to be approximately 1.4 million (0.2% of the European population) or 10% of the world's Jewish population. [6] In the 21st century, France has the largest Jewish population in Europe, [ 6 ] [ 10 ] followed by the United Kingdom , Germany , Russia and Ukraine .
This list of shtetls and shtots (eastern European towns and cities with significant pre-Holocaust Jewish populations) is organized by country. Some villages that are listed at Yad Vashem have not been included here.
Outside Poland, the largest population was in the European part of the USSR, especially Ukraine (1.5 million in the 1930s), but major populations also existed in Hungary, Romania, and Czechoslovakia. Here are lists of some prominent East European Jews, arranged by country of origin. List of Czech, Bohemian, Moravian, and Slovak Jews
Map showing percentage of Jews in the Pale of Settlement and Congress Poland, c. 1905. A shtetl is defined by Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern as "an East European market town in private possession of a Polish magnate, inhabited mostly but not exclusively by Jews" and from the 1790s onward and until 1915 shtetls were also "subject to Russian bureaucracy", [7] as the Russian Empire had annexed the ...
The Pale of Settlement [a] was a western region of the Russian Empire with varying borders that existed from 1791 to 1917 (de facto until 1915) in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed and beyond which Jewish residency, permanent or temporary, [1] was mostly forbidden.
The Jewish population shrunk especially heavily, as did the Christian population. Though some Jewish immigration from Europe, North Africa, and Syria also occurred in this period, which potentially saved the collapsing Jewish community of Palestine from disappearing altogether, Jews were reduced to an even smaller minority of the population. [104]
Among the reasons for the mass migration from Eastern Europe were economic hardships resulting from rapid population growth. [11] The Jewish community from the Pale of Settlement in western Russia, Galicia, and Romania, in particular, suffered from economic difficulties.