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Diagram showing Urwayniya as well as other Sufi orders. Salihiyya (Somali: Saalixiya; Urwayniya, Arabic: الصالحية) is a Tariqa (order) of Sufi Islam prevalent in Somalia and the adjacent Somali region of Ethiopia. It was founded in the Sudan by Sayyid Muhammad Salih (1854-1919). The order is characterized by fundementalism.
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‘Abd al-‘Azīz al-Amawī (Arabic: عبد العزيز الأموي; 1838–1896) was a Somali scholar following the Shāfi‘ī school of jurisprudence and the Ash'arite school of theology, and was a Sufi shaykh of the Qādiryya Sufi order, of which he established his own branch. He was also adviser to several sultans of Zanzibar.
The Qadiriyah, the oldest Sufi order, was founded in Baghdad by Abdul Qadir al-Jilani in 1166 and introduced to the Somali Adal in the 15th century. During the 18th century, it was spread among the Oromo and the Afar of Ethiopia, often under the leadership of Somali shaykhs.
[16] [15] Somali Sufi religious orders (tariqa) – the Qadiriyya, the Ahmadiya and the Salihiyya – in the form of Muslim brotherhoods have played a major role in Somali Islam and the modern era history of Somalia. [15] [17] [18] Of the three orders, the less strict Qaadiriya tariqa is the oldest, and it is the sect to which most Somalis ...
The Khatmiyya is a Sufi order or tariqa founded by Sayyid Mohammed Uthman al-Mirghani al-Khatim. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The Khatmiyya is the largest Sufi order in Sudan , Eritrea and Ethiopia . [ citation needed ] It also has followers in Egypt , Chad , Saudi Arabia , Somalia , Uganda , Yemen and India .
The Zahediyeh or Zahediyya (Persian: زاهدیه) Sufi order was founded by Zahed Gilani of Lahijan, the order traces its origins back to Zarrīn, one of the six Mangur tribe ancestral grandmothers, as well as Muhammad. [1]
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