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It exists as the anhydrous salt Ce(SO 4) 2 as well as a few hydrated forms: Ce(SO 4) 2 (H 2 O) x, with x equal to 4, 8, or 12. These salts are yellow to yellow/orange solids that are moderately soluble in water and dilute acids. Its neutral solutions slowly decompose, depositing the light yellow oxide CeO 2. Solutions of ceric sulfate have a ...
Cerium(IV) aqueous solutions may be prepared by reacting cerium(III) solutions with the strong oxidizing agents peroxodisulfate or bismuthate. The value of E ⦵ (Ce 4+ /Ce 3+) varies widely depending on conditions due to the relative ease of complexation and hydrolysis with various anions, although +1.72 V is representative. Cerium is the only ...
The compound ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) (NH 4) 2 [Ce(NO 3) 6] is the most common cerium compound encountered in the laboratory. The six nitrate ligands bind as bidentate ligands. The complex [Ce(NO 3) 6] 2− is 12-coordinate, a high coordination number which emphasizes the large size of the Ce 4+ ion.
These applications exploit the facility of the Ce(III)/Ce(IV) redox couple. [2] It is used in catalytic converters ("three-way catalytic converter") for the minimisation of CO emissions in the exhaust gases from motor vehicles. When there is a shortage of oxygen, cerium(IV) oxide is oxidizes carbon monoxide to the benign dioxide: [3] [4]
Again it crystallizes from solutions of cerium(IV) in nitric acid. It crystallises as monoclinic crystals with space group P2 1 lc with unit cell dimensions a=8.723 Å b=8.940 Å c=13.981 Å, β = 94.91°. Each unit cell contains two formula units Ce 2 O(NO 3) 6 (H 2 O) 3 and Ce 2 O(NO 3) 6 form when this basic nitrate is heated slowly to 180 ...
Cerium(III) chloride (CeCl 3), also known as cerous chloride or cerium trichloride, is a compound of cerium and chlorine.It is a white hygroscopic salt; it rapidly absorbs water on exposure to moist air to form a hydrate, which appears to be of variable composition, [1] though the heptahydrate CeCl 3 ·7H 2 O is known.
The anion [Ce(NO 3) 6] 2− has T h (idealized O h) molecular symmetry. The CeO 12 core defines an icosahedron. [4] Ce 4+ is a strong one-electron oxidizing agent. In terms of its redox potential (E° ≈ 1.61 V vs. N.H.E.) it is an even stronger oxidizing agent than Cl 2 (E° ≈ 1.36 V). Few shelf-stable reagents are stronger oxidants.
GNU MCSim a simulation and numerical integration package, with fast Monte Carlo and Markov chain Monte Carlo capabilities. ML.NET is a free-software machine-learning library for the C# programming language. [4] [5] NAG Library is an extensive software library of highly optimized numerical-analysis routines for various programming environments.