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Long non-coding RNA/lncRNA: Non-coding RNA transcripts that are more than 200 nucleotides long. Members of this group comprise the largest fraction of the non-coding transcriptome other than introns. It is not known how many of these transcripts are functional and how many are junk RNA. transfer RNA/tRNA; micro RNA/miRNA: 19-24 nucleotides (nt ...
In bacteria, the coding regions typically take up 88% of the genome. [1] The remaining 12% does not encode proteins, but much of it still has biological function through genes where the RNA transcript is functional (non-coding genes) and regulatory sequences, which means that almost all of the bacterial genome has a function. [1]
A key research area of the GENCODE project was to investigate the biological significance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA). To better understand the lncRNA expression in Humans, a sub project was created by GENCODE to develop custom microarray platforms capable of quantifying the transcripts in the GENCODE lncRNA annotation. [4]
The ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA elements) project is an in-depth analysis of the human genome whose goal is to identify all the functional elements of genomic DNA, in both coding and non-coding regions. Important results include evidence from genomic tiling arrays that most nucleotides are transcribed as coding transcripts, non-coding RNAs, or ...
In another publication from the same year Comings again discusses the term junk DNA with the clear understanding that it does not include non-coding regulatory sequences. [44] The idea that all non-coding DNA was thought to be junk has been criticized by numerous authors for distorting the history of junk DNA; [1] [45] [46] [47] [2] for example:
Annotation of eukaryotic genomes has an extra layer of difficulty due to RNA splicing, a post-transcriptional process in which introns (non-coding regions) are removed and exons (coding regions) are joined. [23] Therefore, eukaryotic coding sequences (CDS) are discontinuous, and, to ensure their proper identification, intronic regions must be ...
OrfPredictor [18] is a web server designed for identifying protein-coding regions in expressed sequence tag (EST)-derived sequences. For query sequences with a hit in BLASTX, the program predicts the coding regions based on the translation reading frames identified in BLASTX alignments, otherwise, it predicts the most probable coding region ...
The mtDNA control region is an area of the mitochondrial genome which is non-coding DNA. This region controls RNA and DNA synthesis. [1] It is the most polymorphic region of the human mtDNA genome, [2] with polymorphism concentrated in hypervariable regions. The average nucleotide diversity in these regions is 1.7%. [3]