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The pharmacology of antidepressants is not entirely clear.. The earliest and probably most widely accepted scientific theory of antidepressant action is the monoamine hypothesis (which can be traced back to the 1950s), which states that depression is due to an imbalance (most often a deficiency) of the monoamine neurotransmitters (namely serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine). [1]
Older and less selective antidepressants like TCAs and MAOIs inhibit the reuptake or metabolism of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain, which results in higher concentrations of neurotransmitters. [25] Antidepressants that have dual mechanisms of action inhibit the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine and, in some cases, inhibit ...
SSRIs are described as 'selective' because they affect only the reuptake pumps responsible for serotonin, as opposed to earlier antidepressants, which affect other monoamine neurotransmitters as well, and as a result, SSRIs have fewer side effects.
Escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used as an antidepressant.. Reuptake inhibitors (RIs) are a type of reuptake modulators.It is a drug that inhibits the plasmalemmal transporter-mediated reuptake of a neurotransmitter from the synapse into the pre-synaptic neuron.
Another common type of antidepressant, SNRIs work in a similar way to SSRIs by increasing both serotonin and another neurotransmitter called norepinephrine. Common SNRIs include venlafaxine (sold ...
Because most antidepressants function by inhibiting the reuptake of neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine [308] these drugs can interfere with natural neurotransmitter levels in other organisms impacted by indirect exposure. [309]
As Americans are increasingly reaching for pharmaceutical solutions for depression—about one in eight U.S. adults takes antidepressants—scientists have been innovating novel treatments for it.
Fortunately, taking antidepressants can help regulate your mood and reduce symptoms by targeting certain neurotransmitters, like serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine.
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