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Female performer with five-gong yunluo, from Chinese engraving. The yunluo (simplified: 云锣; traditional: 雲鑼 pinyin: yúnluó, [y̌nlu̯ɔ̌]; literally "cloud gongs" or "cloud of gongs"), is a traditional Chinese musical instrument. [1] It is made up of a set of gongs of varying sizes held within a frame.
Chinese musical instruments are traditionally grouped into eight categories (classified by the material from which the instruments were made) known as bā yīn . [1] The eight categories are silk , bamboo , wood , stone , metal , clay , gourd and skin ; other instruments considered traditional exist that may not fit these groups.
The ancient Chinese orchestra, which comprised up to several hundred or more traditional Chinese musical instruments of many types, existed from at least the Shang dynasty and performed yayue music for court rituals and sacrifices, as well as for entertainment of the court. Ancient Chinese orchestra
The first musical scales were derived from the harmonic series.On the Guqin (a traditional instrument) all of the dotted positions are equal string length divisions related to the open string like 1/2, 1/3, 2/3, 1/4, 3/4, etc. and are quite easy to recognize on this instrument.
A closely related musical instrument is the Japanese shamisen, which originated from the Chinese sanxian. [5] [9] [10] Even more closely related is the Okinawan sanshin, which is also covered in snakeskin. Additionally, the sanshin and sanxian share a structurally similar body part consisting of a round-edged square of wood.
The earliest music notation discovered is a piece of guqin music named Jieshi Diao Youlan (Chinese: 碣石調·幽蘭) during the 6th or 7th century. The notation is named "Wenzi Pu", meaning "written notation". The Tang manuscript, Jieshidiao Youlan (碣石調·幽蘭) The tablature of the guqin is unique and complex.
This form of instrument is still occasionally heard today in the "hudie qin" (蝴蝶琴, lit. "butterfly zither") played in the traditional silk and bamboo genre from the Shanghai region known as Jiangnan sizhu (江南絲竹), as well as in some Cantonese music and Chaozhou (Teochew) music groups.
The default tuning of zhongruan is G 2 D 3 G 3 D 4. [3] It can also be tuned as G 2 D 3 A 3 E 4, or A 2 D 3 D 3 D 4, or other variants, according to requirements in music scores. [4] Since the zhongruan has a rounded, calm and rich tone, it is usually played as a lead instrument in small ensembles and used to accompany other instruments in Chinese orchestra. [5]