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  2. Retaining wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retaining_wall

    Gravity walls usually must be a minimum of 50 to 60 percent as deep or thick as the height of the wall, and may have to be larger if there is a slope or surcharge on the wall. Cellular confinement systems (geocells) are also used for steep earth stabilization in gravity and reinforced retaining walls with geogrids.

  3. Lateral earth pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_earth_pressure

    An example of lateral earth pressure overturning a retaining wall. The lateral earth pressure is the pressure that soil exerts in the horizontal direction. It is important because it affects the consolidation behavior and strength of the soil and because it is considered in the design of geotechnical engineering structures such as retaining walls, basements, tunnels, deep foundations and ...

  4. Abutment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abutment

    Cantilever abutment, cantilever retaining wall designed for large vertical loads; Full height abutment, cantilever abutment that extends from the underpass grade line to the grade line of the overpass roadway; Stub abutment, short abutments at the top of an embankment or slope, usually supported on piles

  5. Mechanically stabilized earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanically_stabilized_earth

    MSE walls stabilize unstable slopes and retain the soil on steep slopes and under crest loads. The wall face is often of precast, segmental blocks, panels or geocells that can tolerate some differential movement. The walls are infilled with granular soil, with or without reinforcement, while retaining the backfill soil.

  6. Dry stone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_stone

    The weight of the stones resists the pressure from the retained soil, including any surcharges, and the friction between the stones causes most of them to act as if they were a monolithic gravity wall of the same weight. Dry stone retaining walls were once built in great numbers for agricultural terracing and also to carry paths, roads and ...

  7. Geotechnical engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering

    Precast concrete retaining wall A typical cross-section of a slope used in two-dimensional analyzes. Geotechnical engineering, also known as geotechnics, is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. It uses the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to solve its engineering problems.