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According to later, often unreliable Ottoman tradition, Osman was a descendant of the Kayı tribe of the Oghuz Turks. [2] The eponymous Ottoman dynasty he founded endured for six centuries through the reigns of 36 sultans. The Ottoman Empire disappeared as a result of the defeat of the Central Powers, with whom it had allied itself during World ...
Şehzade Ertuğrul Osman Efendi (Ottoman Turkish: ارطغرل عثمان), also known as Osman Ertuğrul Osmanoğlu with a surname as required by the Turkish Republic (18 August 1912 – 23 September 2009), was a Prince of the Ottoman Empire and the 43rd Head of the Imperial House of Osman from 1994 until his death.
The Ottoman Empire [k] (/ ˈ ɒ t ə m ə n / ⓘ), also called the Turkish Empire, [23] [24] was an imperial realm [l] that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Kazi or Kadi (Ottoman Turkish: قاضی, Modern Turkish: kadı): a judge. Kazasker (Ottoman Turkish: قاضيعسكر, Modern Turkish: kadıasker): one of the two chief judges of the Ottoman Empire, entrusted with military matters. Kharaji (Carzeri, Caragi), a non-Muslim who pays the kharij. Khatib, a leader of Friday prayers.
His son Osman expanded the principality; the polity and the people were named "Ottomans" by Europeans after him ("Ottoman" being a corruption of "Osman"). Osman's son Orhan expanded the growing realm into an empire, taking Nicaea (present-day İznik) and crossed the Dardanelles in 1362.
The Ottoman dynasty operated under several basic premises: that the Sultan governed the empire's entire territory, that every male member of the dynastic family was hypothetically eligible to become Sultan, and that only one person at a time could be the Sultan. [3] Such rules were fairly standard for monarchic empires of the time.
Ertuğrul or Ertuğrul Ghazi [b] (died c. 1280/1281) [8] was a 13th-century uch bey (marcher-lord), who was the father of Osman I. [9] Little is known about Ertuğrul's life. According to Ottoman tradition, he was the son of Suleyman Shah, the leader of the Kayı tribe (a claim which has come under criticism from many historians) [c] of the Oghuz Turks (known as Turkomans by then).
Osman's genealogy according to different Ottoman historians Index of Behcetü't Tevârîh, one of the Ottoman sources that talks about Osman's origins Although the exact date of Osman's birth is unspecified, some sources indicate that he was born on 13 February 1258, the exact same day the Mongol hordes invaded Baghdad, killing its inhabitants ...