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The average duration of the bonds in the portfolio is often reported. The duration of a portfolio equals the weighted average maturity of all of the cash flows in the portfolio. If each bond has the same yield to maturity, this equals the weighted average of the portfolio's bond's durations, with weights proportional to the bond prices. [1]
In finance, the weighted-average life (WAL) of an amortizing loan or amortizing bond, also called average life, [1] [2] [3] is the weighted average of the times of the principal repayments: it's the average time until a dollar of principal is repaid. In a formula, [4] = =,
While compact, effective duration only measures the effect of a parallel shift in the yield curve across all maturities. It does not take into effect other risk factors, such as non-parallel yield curve shifts, convexity, option-adjusted spreads, and others. However, effective duration may suffice for many managers as a basic risk measure.
Date of purchase. Time to maturity. January – October 1980. 11 years. November 1980 – April 1981. 9 years. May 1981 – October 1982. 8 years. November 1982 – October 1986
To address this, an effective convexity must be calculated numerically. [18] Effective convexity is a discrete approximation of the second derivative of the bond's value as a function of the interest rate: [ 18 ]
With 20 years remaining to maturity, the price of the bond will be 100/1.07 20, or $25.84. Even though the yield-to-maturity for the remaining life of the bond is just 7%, and the yield-to-maturity bargained for when the bond was purchased was only 10%, the annualized return earned over the first 10 years is 16.25%.
Formally, the duration gap is the difference between the duration - i.e. the average maturity - of assets and liabilities held by a financial entity. [3] A related approach is to see the "duration gap" as the difference in the price sensitivity of interest-yielding assets and the price sensitivity of liabilities (of the organization) to a change in market interest rates (yields).
In other words, it’s the average among the several different marginal rates many people pay on different portions of their incomes. Marginal Tax Rate vs. Effective Tax Rate: Key Differences