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Beech bark disease is a disease that causes mortality and defects in beech trees in the eastern United States, Canada and Europe. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In North America , the disease occurs after extensive bark invasion by Xylococculus betulae and the beech scale insect , Cryptococcus fagisuga . [ 4 ]
It is an aggregation pheromone that attracts insects to the plant/ tree host, including the bark beetle. Monoterpenes has also been known to prevent fungal growth [18] and are also toxic to bark beetles at high vapor concentrations. [17] This latter process demonstrates a defense of pines using monoterpenes against the bark beetle.
Where beech bark disease becomes established, most of the larger trees will die. Some trees seem to be partially resistant to the disease and a small number seem to be completely resistant. This may be partly due to the fact that trees with smooth bark provide fewer cracks and crevices in which the scale insect can flourish. [8] [9]
Dutch elm disease was spread by elm bark beetles, yet the tree mortality was caused by a pathogen. [4] Chestnut blight is a fungus spread through wind dispersal and rain splatter; the blight traveled up to 50 miles in a year by natural means. [5] Insect pests, once they reach the adult phase, have the ability to disperse by flight.
The fungus spreads by spores, and it’s those spores that can enter a person’s lungs and cause an allergic reaction called Maple Bark Disease. In parts of Europe, tree fallers toppling infected ...
CLAUSTHAL-ZELLERFELD, Germany (AP) — Nestled in the spruce trees in the Harz mountains of northern Germany is a bark-eating pest not much bigger than a sesame seed. Known as “book printers ...
These insects have managed to eliminate close to 300,000 Ash trees in the National Capital Region in only nine years. This leaves only 80,000 ash trees left standing either due to luck or to some amount of resistance to the beetles. These forests used to have an extremely dense Ash population, having 17-18 trees per Hectare.
The nematodes drop off the beetle, and infect healthy pine trees when the adult beetles eat the young pine branches. [16] The pine wilt nematode is spread by a number of bark beetles and wood borers, typically associated with the genus Monochamus of pine sawyers. [17] Pine sawyers lay their eggs in the bark of dead timber.