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Weighing scale to determine paper weight. Paper density is a paper product's mass per unit volume.The density can be calculated by dividing the grammage of paper (in grams per square metre or "gsm") by its caliper (usually in micrometres, occasionally in mils).
However, a sheet of common copy paper that has a basis weight of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) does not have the same mass as the same size sheet of coarse paper (newsprint). In the former case, the standard ream is 500 sheets of 17-by-22-inch (432 by 559 mm) paper, and in the latter, 500 sheets of 24-by-36-inch (610 by 914 mm) paper.
A standard A4 sheet made from 80 g/m 2 paper weighs 5 grams (0.18 oz), as it is 1 ⁄ 16 (four halvings, ignoring rounding) of an A0 page. Thus the weight, and the associated postage rate, can be approximated easily by counting the number of sheets used. ISO 216 and its related standards were first published between 1975 and 1995:
In the paper and fabric industries, it is called grammage and is expressed in grams per square meter (g/m 2); for paper in particular, it may be expressed as pounds per ream of standard sizes ("basis ream"). A related area number density can be defined by replacing mass by number of particles or other countable quantity, with resulting units of ...
The weight of an A-series sheet of a given paper weight can be calculated by knowing the ratio of its size to the A0 sheet. For example, an A4 sheet is 1 ⁄ 16 the size of an A0 sheet, so if it is made from 80 g/m 2 paper, it weighs 1 ⁄ 16 of 80 g, which is 5 g.
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(Mass is usually measured as weight at a location with sea-level gravity.) Paper sheets are cut to a size of 10 cm × 10 cm, then the sheets are weighed individually. The mean of the weights is used to calculate the mass of the paper per square meter, and the standard deviation is determined from all samples.
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