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Cystoscopy is endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra. It is carried out with a cystoscope . The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
The first step is a cystoscopy to examine the bladder, then an incision is made in the lower abdomen. Once the stone is removed, the bladder is repaired with an absorbable stitch, and a catheter is inserted into the bladder via the urethra. Occasionally it is necessary to gently drip fluid in and out of the bladder for a period, as there is ...
CIS detection is improved by blue light cystoscopy, where a dye (hexaminolevulinate) that accumulates in cancer cells is injected into the bladder during cystoscopy. The dye fluoresces when the cystoscope shines blue light on it, allowing for more accurate detection of small tumors.
The white lesion may be seen during cystoscopy, where it appears as a whitish-gray or yellow lesion, on a background of inflamed urothelium and there may be floating debris in the bladder. Leukoplakia of the bladder may undergo cancerous changes, so biopsy and long term follow up are usually indicated.
Cystitis cystica cystoscopy features can range from a large bladder cyst or mass to an essentially unremarkable appearance. On the other hand, it usually manifests as several tiny translucent cysts under the mucosa, primarily located at the bladder neck and trigone .
Hunner's ulcers can only be accurately diagnosed via a cystoscopy, and at the same time can be treated with hydrodistention. The procedure is performed by a urologist either as an in office procedure or while the patient is under general anaesthesia as a day surgery.
The most common symptoms of IC/BPS are suprapubic pain, [10] urinary frequency, painful sexual intercourse, [11] and waking up from sleep to urinate. [12]In general, symptoms may include painful urination described as a burning sensation in the urethra during urination, pelvic pain that is worsened with the consumption of certain foods or drinks, urinary urgency, and pressure in the bladder or ...
Because a pyelogram involves cystoscopy, it may cause sepsis, infection or bleeding, [13] and may also cause nausea and vomiting. [13] The dye may also be toxic to the kidneys. [13] Before the procedure, a person is usually asked to complete a safety check assessing for potential risks, such as pregnancy or allergy. [13]