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To allow for voltage drops, the voltage at the host port, hub port, and device are specified to be at least 4.75 V, 4.4 V, and 4.35 V respectively by USB 2.0 for low-power devices, [a] but must be at least 4.75 V at all locations for high-power [b] devices (however, high-power devices are required to operate as a low-powered device so that they ...
The OTG A-device is a power supplier, and an OTG B-device is a power consumer. In the default link configuration, the A-device acts as a USB host with the B-device acting as a USB peripheral. The host and peripheral modes may be exchanged later by using Host Negotiation Protocol (HNP). The wiring for the ID pin defines the initial role of each ...
USB device pulls up either D+ or D− to wake the host from the detached line state. This starts the USB enumeration process. This sets the idle state. D− pull-up D+ pull-up As full speed, then chirp in reset: Idle / J Host and device transmitter at Hi-Z. Sensing line state in case of detached state. As detached or connect state. Sync
The throughput of each USB port is determined by the slower speed of either the USB port or the USB device connected to the port. High-speed USB 2.0 hubs contain devices called transaction translators that convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses. There may be one translator per hub or per port.
The USB4 specification speaks of downstream facing ports (DFP) and upstream facing ports (UFP) rather than host and peripheral ports. Downstream facing ports includes host ports as well as any "outputs" of a USB4 hub, while upstream facing ports include anything that is connectable to a downstream facing port, like the ports of peripherals or ...
The USB mass storage device class (also known as USB MSC or UMS) is a set of computing communications protocols, specifically a USB Device Class, defined by the USB Implementers Forum that makes a USB device accessible to a host computing device and enables file transfers between the host and the USB device. To a host, the USB device acts as an ...
The xHCI reduces the need for periodic device polling by allowing a USB 3.0 or later device to notify the host controller when it has data available to read, and moves the management of polling USB 2.0 and 1.1 devices that use interrupt transactions from the CPU-driven USB driver to the USB host controller.
An Alternate Mode dedicates some of the physical wires in a USB-C cable for direct device-to-host transmission using non-USB data protocols, such as DisplayPort or Thunderbolt. The four high-speed lanes, two side-band pins, and (for dock, detachable device and permanent-cable applications only) five additional pins can be used for Alternate ...