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An indoor location tracking map on a mobile phone. An indoor positioning system (IPS) is a network of devices used to locate people or objects where GPS and other satellite technologies lack precision or fail entirely, such as inside multistory buildings, airports, alleys, parking garages, and underground locations. [1]
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Magnetic positioning is an IPS (Indoor positioning system) solution that takes advantage of the magnetic field anomalies typical of indoor settings by using them as distinctive place recognition signatures. The first citation of positioning based on magnetic anomaly can be traced back to military applications in 1970. [1]
Some systems use optical (usually infrared) or acoustic (usually ultrasound) technology with, or in place of RF, RTLS tags. And fixed reference points can be transmitters, receivers, or both resulting in numerous possible technology combinations. RTLS are a form of local positioning system and do not usually refer to GPS or to mobile phone ...
Wi-Fi positioning system (WPS, WiPS or WFPS) is a geolocation system that uses the characteristics of nearby Wi‑Fi access points to discover where a device is located. [1]It is used where satellite navigation such as GPS is inadequate due to various causes including multipath and signal blockage indoors, or where acquiring a satellite fix would take too long. [2]
Ultrasound Identification is a real-time locating system (RTLS) or indoor positioning system (IPS) technology used to automatically determine and identify the location of objects with room accuracy. The approach is using simple, inexpensive nodes (badges/tags) attached to the surface of persons, objects and devices, which then transmit an ...
The muometric positioning and navigation techniques are based on the time-of-flight of relativistic cosmic-ray muons between reference detectors and the receiver detector usually located indoor, underground, or underwater. [10] Instead of receiving a GNSS signal, they detect cosmic-ray muons.
In 2011, Navizon unveiled Indoor Triangulation System (I.T.S.), a Wi-Fi positioning system for businesses that tracks Wi-Fi enabled smart phones, tablets and notebooks, and gives a view of people traffic inside a building or throughout a campus with room-and floor-level accuracy. [19] [20] [21]
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