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The basic type of coupling on railways following the British tradition is the buffer and chain coupling. A large chain of three links connects hooks on the adjoining wagons. These couplings followed earlier tramway practice but were made more regular. Buffers on the frame of the wagon absorbed impact loads, as the train overran a slowing ...
Buffers and chain couplers (or couplings) – also known as "buffers and screw", "screw", and "screwlink" – are the de facto International Union of Railways (UIC) standard railway coupling used in the EU and UK, and on some railways in other parts of the world, such as in South America and India, on older rolling stock.
Conversion to the Janney coupling is now virtually complete. Commonwealth Railways started with Janney couplings on its 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) standard gauge Trans-Australian line, and some railways, like the former Victorian Railways and the Queensland Railways, used dual couplers. Older couplers remain on Heritage railways.
The railcar couplers or couplings listed, described, and depicted below are used worldwide on legacy and modern railways. Compatible and similar designs are frequently referred to using widely differing make, brand, regional or nick names, which can make describing standard or typical designs confusing.
Railway vehicles that were to be transferred to other parts of the network, run by other companies, had to be equipped with several buffers or coupling systems. Founded in 1882, the International Conference for Promoting Technical Uniformity on Railways specified the dimensions for buffer positions and distances customary in England and ...
The diagram from Beard's 1897 coupler patent [1]. Janney couplers were first patented in 1873 by Eli H. Janney (U.S. patent 138,405). [2] [3] Andrew Jackson Beard was amongst various inventors that made a multitude of improvements to the knuckle coupler; [1] Beard's patents were U.S. patent 594,059 granted 23 November 1897, which then sold for approximately $50,000, and U.S. patent 624,901 ...
Rule 261 operation is the default operating procedure on single track mainlines. 14L, 14(l), or 19b Refers to the "Long Long Short Long" or "- - o -" Horn pattern used by US and Canadian railroads at grade crossings. The term "14L" is derived from Rule 14(l) in the Canadian Rail Operating Rules and Consolidated Code of Operating Rules.
(That is also the common way of coupling locomotives to or from wagons, faster than unscrewing the link.) British locomotive-hauled passenger carriages adopted a dual coupling system in the 1950s. They have retractable buffers and a central Buckeye automatic knuckle coupler that lowers to reveal a hook for a screw-type chain coupling. When in ...