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An excipient is a substance formulated alongside the active ingredient of a medication.They may be used to enhance the active ingredient’s therapeutic properties; to facilitate drug absorption; to reduce viscosity; to enhance solubility; to improve long-term stabilization (preventing denaturation and aggregation during the expected shelf life); or to add bulk to solid formulations that have ...
In chemistry, cosolvents are substances added to a primary solvent in small amounts to increase the solubility of a poorly-soluble compound. Their use is most prevalent in chemical and biological research relating to pharmaceuticals and food science, where alcohols are frequently used as cosolvents in water (often less than 5% by volume [ 1 ...
Pharmaceutical manufacturing is the process of industrial-scale synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs as part of the pharmaceutical industry. The process of drug manufacturing can be broken down into a series of unit operations , such as milling , granulation , coating , tablet pressing , and others.
Proteins that have high hydrophobic amino acid content on the surface have low solubility in an aqueous solvent. Charged and polar surface residues interact with ionic groups in the solvent and increase the solubility of a protein. Knowledge of a protein's amino acid composition will aid in determining an ideal precipitation solvent and methods.
[5] [7] The solvent that is used as a dispersion medium can be aqueous, organic, inorganic, or a system of different solvents. [5] Topical gels are used as a contact or transport medium for active drugs to act on [4] or through the skin. [9] The active drug molecules are entwined into the 3D mesh of the gel and delivered to the site of action.
Pharmaceutical formulation, in pharmaceutics, is the process in which different chemical substances, including the active drug, are combined to produce a final medicinal product. The word formulation is often used in a way that includes dosage form .
It is typically used for separation of proteins, [10] because the organic solvents used in normal-phase chromatography can denature many proteins. Today, RP-LC is a frequently used analytical technique. There are huge variety of stationary phases available for use in RP-LC, allowing great flexibility in the development of the separation methods.
Polysorbate 80 is a surfactant and solubilizer used in a variety of oral and topical pharmaceutical products.. Polysorbate 80 is also an excipient that is used to stabilize aqueous formulations of medications for parenteral administration, and used as an emulsifier in the making of the antiarrhythmic amiodarone. [9]