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Nicaragua has been ruled by a socialist party from 1984–1990, and from 2007 on by Daniel Ortega, who is a Sandinista. Venezuela is currently ruled by Nicolás Maduro, who has been President since 2013 (disputed since 2019). Maduro is the leader of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), which is considered far-left and Marxist. [6]
The majority of self-declared socialist countries have been Marxist–Leninist or inspired by it, following the model of the Soviet Union or some form of people's or national democracy. They share a common definition of socialism, and they refer to themselves as socialist states on the road to communism with a leading vanguard party structure ...
Communist states have established two types of civil-military systems. The armed forces of most socialist states have historically been state institutions based on the Soviet model, [124] but in China, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam, the armed forces are party-state institutions. However, several differences exist between the statist (Soviet ...
Many other communist parties did not govern any country, but did govern a state or region within a country. Others have also been represented in national, state, or regional parliaments . Some communist parties and schools of thought reject parliamentarism , instead advocating insurrection or social revolution as well as workers' councils .
The debate on whether Lenin's regime was totalitarian is a part of a debate between the so-called "totalitarian, or "traditionalist" (and "neo-traditionalist"), school", rooted in the early years of the Cold War and also described as "conservative" and "anti-Communist" by Ronald Suny, and the so-called "revisionists"; the former is represented ...
In Zimbabwe, former president Robert Mugabe of the Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front, the country's longstanding leader, was a professed communist. [182] [183] Colombia has been in the midst of a civil war which has been waged since 1966 between the Colombian government and aligned right-wing paramilitaries against two ...
The list does not contain parties previously represented in parliaments, nor social democratic parties. 178 socialist, communist and anti-capitalist parties have been elected worldwide to parliament in 83 different recognized and non-recognized states.
The term communist state is often used synonymously in the West, specifically when referring to one-party socialist states governed by Marxist–Leninist communist parties, despite these countries being officially socialist states in the process of building socialism and progressing toward a communist society. These countries never describe ...