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In 2006, the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) issued a recommendation, encouraging men and women to formulate a reproductive life plan, to help them in avoiding unintended pregnancies and to improve the health of women and reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Teenage pregnancy, also known as adolescent pregnancy, is pregnancy in a female under the age of 20. [5] Worldwide, pregnancy complications are the leading cause of death for women and girls 15 to 19 years old. [3] The definition of teenage pregnancy includes those who are legally considered adults in their country. [2]
Teen births, aged 15–19, per 1,000 people by state, 2015. Teenage pregnancy in the United States occurs mostly unintentionally [1] and out of wedlock [2] [3] but has been declining almost continuously since the 1990s. [1] [4] [5] In 2022, the teenage birth rate fell to 13.5 per 1,000 girls aged 15 to 19, the lowest on record. [6]
Emergency birth control can prevent pregnancy if taken within 72 to 120 hours after unprotected sex. [11] [12] Some argue not having sex is also a form of birth control, but abstinence-only sex education may increase teenage pregnancies if offered without birth control education, due to non-compliance. [13] [14]
Comprehensive sexual education on the other hand leads to a reduction in teenage birthrates. [24] The decline of teenage pregnancy rates during 1995–2002 were largely due to improved contraception, and the reduction in pregnancy risk among teenagers aged 18 or 19 is due to less unprotected sex. [25]
This expenditure would prevent an estimated 52 million unintended pregnancies annually, preventing 1.5 million maternal and child deaths annually, and reduce induced abortions by 64% (25 million per year). [83] Reduced illness related to pregnancy would preserve 27 million healthy life years, at a cost of $144 per year of healthy life. [83]
Teenage pregnancy is formally defined as the pregnancy of a young female between the ages of 13 and 19, regardless of whether she is married or is legally an adult (according to age limits, depending on the country) at the time of giving birth.
The teenage pregnancy rate was 33.9 per 1,000. The Canadian teenage pregnancy rate declined for both younger (15–17) and older (18–19) teens between 1992 and 2002. [22] Canada's highest teen pregnancy rates occur in small towns located in rural parts of peninsular Ontario. Alberta and Quebec have high teen pregnancy rates as well.