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Empty sella syndrome is the condition when the pituitary gland shrinks or becomes flattened, filling the sella turcica with cerebrospinal fluid instead of the normal pituitary. [2] It can be discovered as part of the diagnostic workup of pituitary disorders, or as an incidental finding when imaging the brain.
The empty sella sign occurs due to herniation of the subarachnoid space into the sella turcica, displacing the pituitary gland and allowing CSF to occupy the space. [3] This phenomenon is often linked to the following mechanisms: [4] Primary empty sella syndrome occurs without an underlying cause or pituitary pathology. It is associated with a ...
Affected infants appear normal at birth but may develop symptoms during the first year of life. Individuals with Salla disease may present with nystagmus as well as hypotonia, and may have difficulty coordinating voluntary movements (), reduced muscle tone and strength, and cognitive impairment. [5]
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), also termed primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (DLBCL-CNS), [2] is a primary intracranial tumor appearing mostly in patients with severe immunodeficiency (typically patients with AIDS).
The exact prevalence of this syndrome is difficult to define because the incidence varies so much from country to country. Sheehan syndrome is more prevalent in developing countries than developed countries. [15] In a study from the United Kingdom in 2001 only 1.4% of patients with hypopituitarism were diagnosed with Sheehan's syndrome. [6]
Pituitary apoplexy is regarded by some as distinct from Sheehan's syndrome, where the pituitary undergoes infarction as a result of prolonged very low blood pressure, particularly when caused by bleeding after childbirth. This condition usually occurs in the absence of a tumor. [4] Others regard Sheehan's syndrome as a form of pituitary apoplexy.
The condition is occasionally referred to by the names of the authors of the first report: Schwartz-Bartter syndrome. [30] Because not all people with this syndrome have elevated levels of vasopressin, the term "syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis" (SIAD) has been proposed as a more accurate description of this condition. [31]