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However, as is the case with the overall mechanism, the pathway of alkene approach is also debated. [8] One proposed substrate approach pathway - Note: Substrates are perpendicular to the plane of the catalyst. The ease with which Jacobsen's catalyst selectively epoxidizes cis-alkenes has been difficult to replicate with terminal and trans ...
Alkenes react with percarboxylic acids and even hydrogen peroxide to yield epoxides: RCH=CH 2 + RCO 3 H → RCHOCH 2 + RCO 2 H. For ethylene, the epoxidation is conducted on a very large scale industrially using oxygen in the presence of silver-based catalysts: C 2 H 4 + 1/ 2 O 2 → C 2 H 4 O. Alkenes react with ozone, leading to the scission ...
It adds across alkenes to give organoboron compounds that are useful intermediates. [4] The following organoboron reagents are prepared from borane-THF: 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, Alpine borane, diisopinocampheylborane. It is also used as a source of borane (BH 3) for the formation of adducts. [5]
The Shi epoxidation is a chemical reaction described as the asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes with oxone (potassium peroxymonosulfate) and a fructose-derived catalyst (1). This reaction is thought to proceed via a dioxirane intermediate, generated from the catalyst ketone by oxone (potassium peroxymonosulfate).
Wilkinson's catalyst also catalyzes many other hydrofunctionalization reactions including hydroacylation, hydroboration, and hydrosilylation of alkenes. [14] Hydroborations have been studied with catecholborane and pinacolborane. [15] It is also active for the hydrosilylation of alkenes. [16]
Almost identical to that of Wacker Process, the proposed catalytic cycle [32] (Figure 1) begins with complexation of PdCl 2 and two chloride anions to PdCl 4, which then undergoes subsequent ligand exchange of two chloride ligand for water and alkene to form Pd(Cl 2)(H 2 O)(alkene) complex.
Oxidative carbonylation, using palladium-based catalysts, allows certain alkenes to be converted into homologated esters: 2 RCH=CH 2 + 2 CO + O 2 + 2 MeOH → 2 RCH=CHCO 2 Me + 2 H 2 O. Such reactions are assumed to proceed by the insertion of the alkene into the Pd(II)-CO 2 Me bond of a metallacarboxylic ester followed by beta-hydride ...
Schwartz's reagent is the common name for the organozirconium compound with the formula (C 5 H 5) 2 ZrHCl, sometimes called zirconocene hydrochloride or zirconocene chloride hydride, and is named after Jeffrey Schwartz, a chemistry professor at Princeton University.