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Troops paid in dollars found merchants were willing to convert unlimited amounts of US banknotes to the local currency at the floating (black market) conversion rate. It was much more favorable to the GIs than the government fixed conversion rate. Servicemen thus profited from the more favorable exchange rate on the black market. [citation needed]
If the U.S. dollar is the base currency (the first of the pair), such as with the USD/EUR pair, the pip value involves the exchange rate. Pip Value=(size of a Pip)/(Exchange Rate)*(Lot Size) [ 6 ] For example, .0001 divided by a USD/CAD exchange rate of 1.3600 and then multiplied by a standard lot size of 100,000 results in a pip value of $7.35.
For example, an interbank exchange rate of 141 Japanese yen to the United States dollar means that ¥141 will be exchanged for US$1 or that US$1 will be exchanged for ¥141. In this case it is said that the price of a dollar in relation to yen is ¥141, or equivalently that the price of a yen in relation to dollars is $1/141.
As the world's last holdout with negative rates, it climbed into positive territory only this year when it hiked to 0.1% in March — then again last week to 0.25%. Global Central Bank Policy Rates
Beginning in 2022 the yen/dollar rate has become increasingly weaker with each passing month. By July 2024, the price fell to upper ¥161 per $1, marking the lowest exchange rate for the yen in 37.5 years on a nominal effective exchange rate [80] and the lowest real effective exchange rate since the start of statistics by the Bank of Japan in 1970.
A dual rate system was established on 30 June 1981, with an official rate of 6.295 shillings to the U.S. dollar and a second exchange rate of 12.4654 to 12.7146 shillings to the dollar. U.S. dollars in the black market usually traded at a premium to the official exchange rate.
When the naira was introduced, it had an official exchange rate of US$1.52 for ₦1, though a currency black market existed in which the naira traded at a discount relative to the official exchange rate. The official exchange rate set by the Central Bank of Nigeria: naira to U.S. dollar is approximately ₦767.54 per 1 US dollar.
Gold traded for silver in Japan at a 1:5 ratio, while that ratio was 1:15 abroad. During the Bakumatsu period in 1859 Mexican dollars were even given official currency in Japan, by coining them with marks in Japanese and officializing their exchange rate of three "Bu" [clarification needed].