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Philip Morris USA v. Williams, 549 U.S. 346 (2007), 556 U.S. 178 (2009), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States, which held that the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment limits punitive damages, and ordered a lower court to reconsider its damages awards on that basis.
Irreducible Mind: Toward a Psychology for the 21st Century is a 2007 psychological book by Edward Francis Kelly, Emily Williams Kelly, Adam Crabtree, Alan Gauld, Michael Grosso, and Bruce Greyson. [1]
Critical realism is a philosophical approach to understanding science, and in particular social science, initially developed by Roy Bhaskar (1944–2014). It specifically opposes forms of empiricism and positivism by viewing science as concerned with identifying causal mechanisms.
Nancy Williams, et al. v. Fitzgerald Washington, Alabama Secretary of Labor: Docket no. 23-191: Case history; Prior: Johnson v. Alabama Secretary of Labor, Fitzgerald Washington, (Ala. 2023) Questions presented; Whether exhaustion of state administrative remedies is required to bring claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 in state court.
Using U-Pb dating, Baldwin et al. 2004 estimated the timing of eclogite facies metamorphism, a process which require transport to mantle depth, to 1.904 Ga. [2] They, nevertheless, concluded that it remains unclear whether the STZ is a reactivated Archaean structure or a suture documenting the opening and closure of a Proterzoic ocean. [5]
Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199 (2007), was a case before the United States Supreme Court. The issues concerned obligations of inmate litigants before one could file a civil rights action. The majority opinion was by Chief Justice Roberts and the court decided the case unanimously.
Social presence theory explores how the "sense of being with another" is influenced by digital interfaces in human-computer interactions. [1] Developed from the foundations of interpersonal communication and symbolic interactionism, social presence theory was first formally introduced by John Short, Ederyn Williams, and Bruce Christie in The Social Psychology of Telecommunications. [2]
Williams v. California was a class action lawsuit filed by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) against the State of California , on behalf of California students, parents and other educational stakeholders, citing the substandard quality of learning resources at Balboa High School as a prominent example.