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Industrialization of China did occur on a significant scale only from the 1950s. Beginning in 1953 Mao introduced a 'Five Year Plan' reminiscent of Soviet industrialization efforts. This five-year plan would signify the People's Republic of China first large scale campaign to industrialize.
China's state-led industrialization in the early 1950s was heavily influenced by the Soviet experience. [1]: 154 During China's First Five-Year Period (1953–1957), industrial development was the primary goal.
In addition, imports to China grew drastically after total war broke out in Europe. For example, China's textile industry had 482,192 needle machines in 1913, while by 1918 (the end of the war) that number had gone up to 647,570. The number increased even faster to 1,248,282 by 1921. In addition, bread factories went up from 57 to 131. [4]
Although urbanization had not been a specific goal of the plan's focus on industrialization, industrialization also prompted extensive urban growth. [2]: 67 Between 1952 and 1957, China's urban population grew 30%. [2]: 21 The creation of new state industrial projects created new factory towns and new industrial districts in older cities.
Overall, the Great Leap Forward failed to rapidly industrialize China as intended. [153] According to Joseph Ball, writing in the Monthly Review, there is a good argument to suggest that the policies of the Great Leap Forward did a lot to sustain China's overall economic growth, after an initial period of disruption. [154]
Agriculture began almost 10,000 years ago in several regions of modern-day China. [13] The earliest domesticated crops were millet in the north and rice in the south. [14] [15] Some Neolithic cultures produced textiles with hand-operated spindle-whorls as early as 5000 BCE. [16]
Although urbanization had not been a specific goal of the plan's focus on industrialization, industrialization also prompted extensive urban growth. [5]: 67 By 1956, China had completed its socialist transformation of the domestic economy. [4]: 142
The economic history of China is covered in the following articles: Economic history of China before 1912, the economic history of China during the ancient China and imperial China, before the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912. Economy of the Han dynasty (202 BC – AD 220) Economy of the Song dynasty (960–1279)