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The pH scale is traceable to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international ... Milk: 6.5–6.8 Pure water at 25 °C 7 Neutral Sea water: 7.5 ...
On an industrial scale, Mg(OH) 2 is produced by treating seawater with lime (Ca(OH) 2). A volume of 600 m 3 (160,000 US gal) of seawater gives about 1 tonne (2,200 lb) of Mg(OH) 2 . Ca(OH) 2 ( K sp = 5.02 × 10 −6 ) [ 6 ] is far more soluble than Mg(OH) 2 ( K sp = 5.61 × 10 −12 ) and drastically increases the pH value of seawater from 8.2 ...
A universal indicator is a pH indicator made of a solution of several compounds that exhibit various smooth colour changes over a wide range pH values to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of solutions. A universal indicator can be in paper form or present in a form of a solution. [1]
In and of themselves, pH indicators are usually weak acids or weak bases. The general reaction scheme of acidic pH indicators in aqueous solutions can be formulated as: HInd (aq) + H 2 O (l) ⇌ H 3 O + (aq) + Ind − (aq) where, "HInd" is the acidic form and "Ind −" is the conjugate base of the indicator. Vice versa for basic pH indicators ...
The pH scale is by far the most commonly used acidity function, and is ideal for dilute aqueous solutions. Other acidity functions have been proposed for different environments, most notably the Hammett acidity function, H 0, [3] for superacid media and its modified version H − for superbasic media.
Litmus milk is a milk-based medium used to distinguish between different species of bacteria. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The lactose (milk sugar), litmus (pH indicator), and casein (milk protein) contained within the medium can all be metabolized by different types of bacteria.
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Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele was the first person to isolate lactic acid in 1780 from sour milk. [17] The name reflects the lact-combining form derived from the Latin word lac, meaning "milk". In 1808, Jöns Jacob Berzelius discovered that lactic acid (actually L-lactate) is also produced in muscles during exertion. [18]