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In 1981, Gardner's column alternated with a new column by Douglas Hofstadter called "Metamagical Themas" (an anagram of "Mathematical Games"). [1] The table below lists Gardner's columns. [2] Twelve of Gardner's columns provided the cover art for that month's magazine, indicated by "[cover]" in the table with a hyperlink to the cover. [3]
Wythoff's game is a two-player mathematical subtraction game, played with two piles of counters. Players take turns removing counters from one or both piles; when removing counters from both piles, the numbers of counters removed from each pile must be equal. The game ends when one player removes the last counter or counters, thus winning.
The Twenty-One Card Trick, also known as the 11th card trick or three column trick, is a simple self-working card trick that uses basic mathematics to reveal the user's selected card. The game uses a selection of 21 cards out of a standard deck. These are shuffled and the player selects one at random.
Subtraction games are generally impartial games, meaning that the set of moves available in a given position does not depend on the player whose turn it is to move.For such a game, the states can be divided up into -positions (positions in which the previous player, who just moved, is winning) and -positions (positions in which the next player to move is winning), and an optimal game playing ...
Interactive subtraction game: Players take turns removing 1, 2 or 3 objects from an initial pool of 21 objects. The player taking the last object wins. In another game which is commonly known as nim (but is better called the subtraction game ), an upper bound is imposed on the number of objects that can be removed in a turn.
Subtract-a-square can also be played as a misère game, in which the player to make the last subtraction loses. The recursive algorithm to determine 'hot' and 'cold' numbers for the misère game is the same as that for the normal game, except that for the misère game the number 1 is 'cold' whilst 2 is 'hot'.
A band is a part of the grid that encapsulates three rows and three boxes, and a stack is a part of the grid that encapsulates three columns and three boxes. A puzzle is a partially completed grid, and the initial values are givens or clues. A proper puzzle has a unique solution.
A mathematical game is a game whose rules, strategies, and outcomes are defined by clear mathematical parameters. [1] [verification needed] [clarification needed] Often, such games have simple rules and match procedures, such as tic-tac-toe and dots and boxes. Generally, mathematical games need not be conceptually intricate to involve deeper ...