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The copper – chlorine cycle (Cu–Cl cycle) is a four-step thermochemical cycle for the production of hydrogen. The Cu–Cl cycle is a hybrid process that employs both thermochemical and electrolysis steps. It has a maximum temperature requirement of about 530 degrees Celsius. [1]
Copper (II) chloride is used as a catalyst in a variety of processes that produce chlorine by oxychlorination. The Deacon process takes place at about 400 to 450 °C in the presence of a copper chloride: [8] 4 HCl + O2 → 2 Cl2 + 2 H2O. Copper (II) chloride catalyzes the chlorination in the production of vinyl chloride and dichloromethane.
Wacker process. The Wacker process or the Hoechst-Wacker process (named after the chemical companies of the same name) refers to the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde in the presence of palladium (II) chloride and copper (II) chloride as the catalyst. [1] This chemical reaction was one of the first homogeneous catalysis with organopalladium ...
Spectator ion. A spectator ion is an ion that exists both as a reactant and a product in a chemical equation of an aqueous solution. [1] For example, in the reaction of aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate and copper (II) sulfate: The Na+ and SO2− 4 ions are spectator ions since they remain unchanged on both sides of the equation.
Electrolysis is a technique that uses a direct electric current (DC). Commercially, electrolytic cells are used in the electrorefining and electrowinning of several non-ferrous metals. Most high-purity aluminum, copper, zinc, and lead are produced industrially in electrolytic cells. As already noted, water, particularly when ions are added ...
Because this reaction is highly exothermic (238 kJ/mol), the temperature is monitored, to guard against thermal degradation of the catalyst. The reaction is as follows: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 CuCl 2 → 2 CuCl + ClH 2 C-CH 2 Cl. The copper(II) chloride is regenerated by sequential reactions of the cuprous chloride with oxygen and then hydrogen chloride:
IR absorption spectrum of copper (I) chloride. Copper (I) chloride, commonly called cuprous chloride, is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. The substance is a white solid sparingly soluble in water, but very soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Impure samples appear green due to the presence of copper (II) chloride (CuCl 2).
Disproportionation. In chemistry, disproportionation, sometimes called dismutation, is a redox reaction in which one compound of intermediate oxidation state converts to two compounds, one of higher and one of lower oxidation state. [1][2] The reverse of disproportionation, such as when a compound in an intermediate oxidation state is formed ...