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The BIS Haulmark is a hallmarking system for gold as well as silver jewellery sold in India, certifying the purity of the metal. [1][2] It certifies that the piece of jewellery conforms to a set of standards laid by the Bureau of Indian Standards, the national standards organization of India. India is the second biggest market for gold and its ...
A hallmark is an official mark or series of marks struck on items made of metal, mostly to certify the content of noble metals—such as platinum, gold, silver and in some nations, palladium. In a more general sense, the term hallmark is used to refer to any standard of quality.
If the gold layer is 12 kt or higher, the minimum layer of karat gold in an item stamped gold-filled marks must equal at least 1 ⁄ 20th the total weight of the item. The most common stamps found on gold-filled jewelry are 1 ⁄ 20th 12kt GF and 1 ⁄ 20th 14kt GF. Also common is 1 ⁄ 10th 10kt. These standards are for modern gold-filled items.
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The old hallmarks were as unique as today's logos, and disputes often arose when one company copied another's stamp. [citation needed] "The words "silver" and "sterling silver" describe a product that contains 92.5% pure silver. Silver products sometimes may be marked 925, which means that 925 parts per thousand are pure silver.
Chinese bronze inscriptions, also commonly referred to as bronze script or bronzeware script, are writing in a variety of Chinese scripts on ritual bronzes such as zhōng bells and dǐng tripodal cauldrons from the Shang dynasty (2nd millennium BC) to the Zhou dynasty (11th–3rd century BC) and even later. Early bronze inscriptions were almost ...