When.com Web Search

Search results

  1. Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
  2. Orbital hybridisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation

    Chemist Linus Pauling first developed the hybridisation theory in 1931 to explain the structure of simple molecules such as methane (CH 4) using atomic orbitals. [2] Pauling pointed out that a carbon atom forms four bonds by using one s and three p orbitals, so that "it might be inferred" that a carbon atom would form three bonds at right angles (using p orbitals) and a fourth weaker bond ...

  3. Bent's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent's_rule

    Bent's rule can be extended to rationalize the hybridization of nonbonding orbitals as well. On the one hand, a lone pair (an occupied nonbonding orbital) can be thought of as the limiting case of an electropositive substituent, with electron density completely polarized towards the central atom.

  4. VSEPR theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSEPR_theory

    The "AXE method" of electron counting is commonly used when applying the VSEPR theory. The electron pairs around a central atom are represented by a formula AX m E n, where A represents the central atom and always has an implied subscript one. Each X represents a ligand (an atom bonded to A). Each E represents a lone pair of electrons on the ...

  5. Bent molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent_molecular_geometry

    There are several variants of bending, where the most common is AX 2 E 2 where two covalent bonds and two lone pairs of the central atom (A) form a complete 8-electron shell. They have central angles from 104° to 109.5°, where the latter is consistent with a simplistic theory which predicts the tetrahedral symmetry of four sp 3 hybridised ...

  6. Tetrahedral molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahedral_molecular_geometry

    In a tetrahedral molecular geometry, a central atom is located at the center with four substituents that are located at the corners of a tetrahedron.The bond angles are arccos(− ⁠ 1 / 3 ⁠) = 109.4712206...° ≈ 109.5° when all four substituents are the same, as in methane (CH 4) [1] [2] as well as its heavier analogues.

  7. Trigonal prismatic molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonal_prismatic...

    In chemistry, the trigonal prismatic molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where six atoms, groups of atoms, or ligands are arranged around a central atom, defining the vertices of a triangular prism. The structure commonly occurs for d 0, d 1 and d 2 transition metal complexes with covalently-bound ligands and small charge ...

  8. T-shaped molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-shaped_molecular_geometry

    According to VSEPR theory, T-shaped geometry results when three ligands and two lone pairs of electrons are bonded to the central atom, written in AXE notation as AX 3 E 2. The T-shaped geometry is related to the trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry for AX 5 molecules with three equatorial and two axial ligands.

  9. Molecular orbital diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital_diagram

    As each hydrogen atom has a single 1s atomic orbital for its electron, the bond forms by overlap of these two atomic orbitals. In the figure the two atomic orbitals are depicted on the left and on the right. The vertical axis always represents the orbital energies. Each atomic orbital is singly occupied with an up or down arrow representing an ...