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Polarizability is responsible for a material's dielectric constant and, at high (optical) frequencies, its refractive index. The polarizability of an atom or molecule is defined as the ratio of its induced dipole moment to the local electric field; in a crystalline solid, one considers the dipole moment per unit cell. [1]
High charge and large size of the anion, due to polarizability which is related to the deformability of its electron cloud (i.e. its "softness") An incomplete valence shell electron configuration, due to the noble gas configuration of the cation producing better shielding and less polarizing power, for example Hg 2+ (r+ = 102 pm) is more ...
The polarizability of individual particles in the medium can be related to the average susceptibility and polarization density by the Clausius–Mossotti relation. In general, the susceptibility is a function of the frequency ω of the applied field.
In many materials the polarizability starts to saturate at high values of electric field. This saturation can be modelled by a nonlinear susceptibility. These susceptibilities are important in nonlinear optics and lead to effects such as second-harmonic generation (such as used to convert infrared light into visible light, in green laser pointers).
Polarizability, an electrical property of atoms or molecules and a separate magnetic property of subatomic particles Polarization function , a feature of some molecular modelling methods Photon polarization , the mathematical link between wave polarization and spin polarization
Power in the other polarization mode is eliminated. Thus if unpolarized light is passed through an ideal polarizer (where g 1 = 1 and g 2 = 0) exactly half of its initial power is retained. Practical polarizers, especially inexpensive sheet polarizers, have additional loss so that g 1 < 1.
Dextrorotation and laevorotation (also spelled levorotation) [1] [2] in chemistry and physics are the optical rotation of plane-polarized light.From the point of view of the observer, dextrorotation refers to clockwise or right-handed rotation, and laevorotation refers to counterclockwise or left-handed rotation.
However, care is needed because some authors [6] take out the factor from (), so that = and hence () = /, which is convenient because then the (hyper-)polarizability may be accurately called the (nonlinear-)susceptibility per molecule, but at the same time inconvenient because of the inconsistency with the usual linear polarisability definition ...