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  2. Acid–base reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidbase_reaction

    In chemistry, an acidbase reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base.It can be used to determine pH via titration.Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acidbase theories, for example, Brønsted–Lowry acidbase theory.

  3. HSAB theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSAB_theory

    The E and C parameters refer, respectively, to the electrostatic and covalent contributions to the strength of the bonds that the acid and base will form. The equation is -ΔH = E A E B + C A C B + W. The W term represents a constant energy contribution for acidbase reaction such as the cleavage of a dimeric acid or base. The equation ...

  4. Lewis acids and bases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_acids_and_bases

    The model assigned E and C parameters to many Lewis acids and bases. Each acid is characterized by an E A and a C A. Each base is likewise characterized by its own E B and C B. The E and C parameters refer, respectively, to the electrostatic and covalent contributions to the strength of the bonds that the acid and base will form. The equation is

  5. Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brønsted–Lowry_acid...

    [15] In Lewis theory an acid, A, and a base, B, form an adduct, AB, where the electron pair forms a dative covalent bond between A and B. This is shown when the adduct H 3 N−BF 3 forms from ammonia and boron trifluoride , a reaction that cannot occur in water because boron trifluoride hydrolizes in water.

  6. Amphoterism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphoterism

    In chemistry, an amphoteric compound (from Greek amphoteros 'both') is a molecule or ion that can react both as an acid and as a base. [1] What exactly this can mean depends on which definitions of acids and bases are being used.

  7. Conjugate (acid-base theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_(acid-base_theory)

    One use of conjugate acids and bases lies in buffering systems, which include a buffer solution. In a buffer, a weak acid and its conjugate base (in the form of a salt), or a weak base and its conjugate acid, are used in order to limit the pH change during a titration process. Buffers have both organic and non-organic chemical applications.

  8. Base (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(chemistry)

    According to the original formulation of Lewis, when a neutral base forms a bond with a neutral acid, a condition of electric stress occurs. [7] The acid and the base share the electron pair that formerly belonged to the base. [7] As a result, a high dipole moment is created, which can only be decreased to zero by rearranging the molecules. [7]

  9. Henderson–Hasselbalch equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson–Hasselbalch...

    In chemistry and biochemistry, the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation = + ⁡ ([] []) relates the pH of a chemical solution of a weak acid to the numerical value of the acid dissociation constant, K a, of acid and the ratio of the concentrations, [] [] of the acid and its conjugate base in an equilibrium. [1]